The codes on fruits and vegetables you see in supermarkets are known as Price Look-Up (PLU) codes. These codes are used primarily for pricing and inventory purposes, but they also provide some information about the produce’s growing method. Here’s a breakdown:
Four-digit PLU codes: These typically indicate conventionally grown produce. Conventionally grown fruits and vegetables may have been treated with pesticides unless explicitly labeled otherwise. For example, a code like 4011 might indicate a banana that has been grown using conventional methods, which could include the use of pesticides.
Five-digit PLU codes starting with 9: These signify organic produce. Organic produce is grown without the use of synthetic pesticides or genetically modified organisms (GMOs). So, a code like 94011 would be for an organic banana. This means the produce should adhere to organic farming standards, avoiding synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, and not derived from genetically modified seeds.
Five-digit PLU codes starting with 8: These were originally intended to denote genetically modified (GMO) produce. However, this use has not been consistently adopted in practice, and the system is largely considered optional. So, while a code like 84011 was supposed to indicate a genetically modified banana, such labels are rare to see in stores because many retailers choose not to use this coding for GMO products.
If you don't know, now you know 👇🏼
— Illy! Not Lilly 💋 (@IllyNOTLilly) December 7, 2023
Fruit stickers with a 4-digit code beginning with 4 means the fruit was sprayed with pesticides, while a 5-digit code starting with 9 signifies organic growth. If it starts with 8, it's been genetically modified. pic.twitter.com/QdWGmTnZW8
It’s important to note:
The PLU system for indicating GMOs with a code starting with 8 is not widely implemented or enforced. Therefore, the absence of this code does not definitively mean the produce is non-GMO.
Organic labeling under USDA regulations prohibits the use of GMOs in certified organic products, providing a more reliable indicator of non-GMO status than PLU codes in this context.
For pesticide-free produce, the most reliable indicator is the organic label, as conventional produce can legally be treated with pesticides.
Additionally, posts on X have echoed this information, reinforcing the understanding of these codes but also highlighting that the system’s implementation regarding GMOs is inconsistent. Always look for explicit labels like “Organic” or “Non-GMO Project Verified” for more assurance about the produce’s qualities concerning GMOs and pesticides.
Remember, while PLU codes can provide some insight into how fruits and vegetables are grown, they aren’t the definitive source for all details on pesticide use, GMO status, or organic certification. For the most accurate information, check the product’s packaging or look for specific certifications.